Some Theoretical Reflections on Modernisation, Value Change, Cultural Change and Democracy in a Multilevel Perspective
Keywords:
multilevel modelling, modernisation, personal and cultural values, democracyAbstract
The aim of this contribution is to reflect on the relationship between the theoretical model for causal multilevel explanations of Colman and multilevel modelling in empirical social research. The example that has been chosen is Inglehart’s theory of modernisation, but Welzel’s theory of human empowerment is also covered at least shortly. The usual graphical representation of conventional multilevel models will firstly be elaborated by a proposal made by Muthén and Muthén. Since Inglehart’s value dimension of survival versus self-expression values is measured via factor analysis, conventional multilevel analysis has to be elaborated to a multilevel structural equation model. Within this broader framework it becomes also possible to include a macro-level variable as dependent variable into the multilevel model. The reflections on the relationship between human development and democracy might hopefully simulate further reflections on multilevel models and encourage researchers to use advanced multilevel techniques for their own research in order to gain deeper insight into the relationship between modernisation and democracy.
References
Coleman, James S. (1990): Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, The Belknap Press of Harvard University.
Dülmer, Hermann, Ronald Inglehart, and Christian Welzel (2015): Testing the Revised Theory of Modernization: Measurement and Explanatory Aspects. World Values Research 8 (2), 68-100.
Inglehart, Ronald (2008): Changing Values among Western Publics from 1970 to 2006. West European Politics 31 (1-2), 130-146.
Inglehart, Ronald (1997): Modernization and Postmodernization. Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Inglehart, Ronald (1990): Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Inglehart, Ronald (1977): The Silent Revolution. Changing Values and Political Styles among Western Publics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Inglehart, Ronald and Christian Welzel (2005): Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy. The Human Development Sequence. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Klein, Markus and Manuela Pötschke (2004): Die intra-individuelle Stabilität gesellschaftlicher Wertorientierungen. Eine Mehrebenenanalyse auf der Grundlage des sozio-ökonomischen Panels (SOEP). Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 56 (3), 432-456.
Maslow, Abraham K. (1954): Motivation and Personality. New York, Harper and Row.
Meitinger, Katharina, Eldad Davidov, Peter Schmidt, and Michael Braun (2020): Measurement Invariance: Testing for It and Explaining Why It is Absent. Survey Research Methods 14 (4), 345-349.
Muthén, Linda K. and Bengt O. Muthén (1998-2017): MPlus. Statistical Analysis with Latent Variables. User’s Guide, 8th edition. Los Angeles, Muthén & Muthén.
Pötschke, Manuela (2020): Mehrebenenmodelle. In: Claudius Wagemann, Achim Goerres, and Markus B. Siewert (eds.): Handbuch Methoden der Politikwissenschaft. Wiesbaden, Springer.
Snijders, Tom A. B. and Roel J. Bosker (2012): Multilevel Analysis. An Introduction to Basic and Advance Multilevel Modeling. 2nd edition. Los Angeles, Sage.
Welzel, Christian (2013): Freedom Rising. Human Empowerment and the Quest for Emancipation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Welzel, Christian, Lennart Brunkert, Stefan Kruse, and Ronald F. Inglehart (2021, forthcoming): Non-Invariance? An Overstated Problem with Misconceived Causes. Sociological Methods & Research.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.
